往期Archive · 2026
苏拉的共和国Sulla's Republic
Sulla's Republic苏拉的共和国
前88年，罗马执政官苏拉率六个军团攻入罗马城，这是罗马军队第一次以敌对姿态进入自己的首都。几年后，他以独裁官的身份重写罗马的宪制，随后辞去独裁，退居乡间。他的改革维持了大约十年，就被他自己的旧部拆掉了。 苏拉想恢复的是一个什么样的共和国？他用来建立秩序的手段，和他想建立的秩序之间是什么关系？从西塞罗、普鲁塔克到马基雅维利、蒙森，历代对他的看法差别很大。这次分享从格拉古兄弟和保民官讲起，经过马略与苏拉二十年的恩怨、喀罗尼亚之战，再到苏拉的改革和它被拆除的过程，最后看后人怎么评价他。
In 88 BC the Roman consul Sulla marched six legions into the city of Rome, the first time a Roman army had entered its own capital as an enemy. A few years later, as dictator, he rewrote the Roman constitution, then laid down the dictatorship and retired to the countryside. His reforms lasted about ten years before they were dismantled by his own former followers. What kind of republic did Sulla want to restore? How did the means he used to establish order relate to the order he hoped to establish? From Cicero and Plutarch to Machiavelli and Mommsen, judgements of him have varied widely. This session begins with the Gracchi brothers and the tribunes, moves through the twenty-year feud between Marius and Sulla and the Battle of Chaeronea, then on to Sulla's reforms and their dismantling, and ends with how later generations have judged him.