往期Archive · 2023

五一六军事政变与首尔CitywalkThe May 16 Coup and a Seoul City Walk

The May 16 Coup and a Seoul City Walk五一六军事政变与首尔Citywalk

烟霞第 75 期 · 2023 年Yanxia No. 75 · 2023

一些热场问题：首尔旅行中印象较深的地方/希望去首尔看什么？你对第二共和国和朴正熙有什么了解？ “5.16军事政变”是1961年5月16日时任韩国陆军第二野战军副司令官朴正熙少将发动的一场军事政变。这次政变发生在四一九革命推翻李承晚政权后仅一年多之后，当时新成立的以张勉为内阁总理的民主党政权掌握了政治权力，但对社会的控制能力有限，且韩国的经济民生状况并未显著改善。政变终结了短暂的“第二共和国”时期和民主党政府，同时促使朴正熙上台。这次政变中断了韩国的宪政秩序，开启了朴正熙长达18年的统治以及韩国32年的军人执政，同时也为韩国经济的腾飞创造了前提条件。本次分享将讲述5.16军事政变的过程，介绍当时的各方势力，探讨政变的成功原因，并分享与5.16军事政变相关的首尔旅行“打卡地”。准备讨论的问题：当时韩国的政治势力：政治家（民主党新派/旧派）；军部；叛军；美军政变经过政变成功原因首尔市内与5.16政变有关的旅游“打卡地”：青瓦台（原朝鲜总督官邸）世宗路建筑群：原中央厅（日占原朝鲜总督府，已拆，现景福宫）、原国家再建最高会议厅舍（现韩国历史博物馆）、原国会议事堂（日占原京城府民馆、现首尔市议会）、德寿宫、原首尔市政府厅舍、原半岛酒店（已拆）崇礼门汉江大桥国立首尔显忠院

Some warm-up questions: What places made the deepest impression on you when you travelled in Seoul, or what would you like to see there? What do you know about the Second Republic and Park Chung-hee? The May 16 coup was a military coup launched on 16 May 1961 by Major General Park Chung-hee, then deputy commander of the South Korean Army's Second Army. It came little more than a year after the April 19 Revolution had brought down Syngman Rhee's government. Political power was then in the hands of the newly formed Democratic Party government under Prime Minister Chang Myon, but its grip on society was weak, and the economy and people's livelihoods had not noticeably improved. The coup ended the short-lived Second Republic and the Democratic Party government, and brought Park Chung-hee to power. It interrupted South Korea's constitutional order and began Park's eighteen years of rule and thirty-two years of military government in South Korea, while also laying the groundwork for the country's economic take-off. This session will tell the story of the May 16 coup, introduce the forces involved at the time, explore why the coup succeeded, and share some Seoul sightseeing spots connected with it. Questions we plan to discuss: The political forces in South Korea at the time: the politicians (the new and old factions of the Democratic Party), the military, the rebel troops, and the US forces How the coup unfolded Why the coup succeeded Sightseeing spots in Seoul connected with the May 16 coup: The Blue House (formerly the residence of the Japanese Governor-General of Korea) The buildings along Sejong-ro: the former Capitol (the Japanese Government-General Building, now demolished; the site is now part of Gyeongbokgung Palace), the former Supreme Council for National Reconstruction building (now the National Museum of Korean Contemporary History), the former National Assembly building (the Keijō Public Hall under Japanese rule, now the Seoul Metropolitan Council), Deoksugung Palace, the former Seoul City Hall, and the former Bando Hotel (now demolished) Sungnyemun Hangang Bridge Seoul National Cemetery

The notes below are in Chinese, as the talks are.