往期Archive · 2023
闪电和先辈：君士坦丁堡的1453和2023Lightning and Forebears: Constantinople in 1453 and 2023
Lightning and Forebears: Constantinople in 1453 and 2023闪电和先辈：君士坦丁堡的1453和2023
2023年5月28日，埃尔多安第三次当选土耳其总统。据新华社报道，他当晚发表讲话感谢选民支持，表示不会辜负支持者的信任。他同时承诺为土耳其下一个建国一百周年而努力工作。 2023年5月29日，伊斯坦布尔举行庆祝攻陷君士坦丁堡570周年活动。与此同时，雅典也有相应的小规模君士坦丁堡陷落570周年的纪念活动。 本次分享将以这两件事为背景，讨论1453年君士坦丁堡陷落与2023年土耳其大选的细节故事。 引起兴趣的问题： 15世纪除了君士坦丁堡陷落之外，还有哪些大事发生？ 君士坦丁堡攻防的双方，奥斯曼苏丹穆罕默德二世和罗马帝国皇帝君士坦丁十一世分别扮演了什么角色？二人分别有什么能力和特质？ 茨维格的《人类的群星闪耀时》如何描写君士坦丁堡的陷落？你知道哪些描写君士坦丁堡陷落的文学作品？ 土耳其今天的政局是什么样的？分别有什么不同的党派？ 埃尔多安为什么能合法连任第三届总统？ 本次会讨论到的问题： 穆罕默德二世进攻君士坦丁堡做了哪些准备？ 末代皇帝君士坦丁十一世能力如何？他做了哪些防御的努力？ 君士坦丁堡攻城战有哪些细节故事？ 土耳其现在的政治局势是什么样子的？ 2017年的土耳其修宪对今天造成什么样的影响？
On 28 May 2023, Erdoğan was elected president of Turkey for the third time. According to Xinhua, he gave a speech that evening thanking voters for their support and saying he would not let his supporters' trust down. He also pledged to work hard towards Turkey's next centenary. On 29 May 2023, Istanbul held celebrations marking the 570th anniversary of the conquest of Constantinople. Meanwhile, Athens held smaller commemorations of the 570th anniversary of the fall of Constantinople. Against the backdrop of these two events, this session will discuss the stories and details of the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and of Turkey's 2023 election. Questions to get us thinking: Apart from the fall of Constantinople, what other major events happened in the fifteenth century? What roles did the two sides in the siege, the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II and the Roman emperor Constantine XI, play? What abilities and qualities did each have? How does Stefan Zweig's Decisive Moments in History depict the fall of Constantinople? What other literary works about the fall of Constantinople do you know? What is the political situation in Turkey today? What are the different parties? How was Erdoğan able to be lawfully re-elected to a third term? Questions this session will discuss: What preparations did Mehmed II make for his attack on Constantinople? How capable was the last emperor, Constantine XI? What efforts did he make at defence? What stories and details are there from the siege of Constantinople? What is the political situation in Turkey today? What effect has the 2017 Turkish constitutional amendment had on the present day?