往期Archive · 2023
成也败也——郑国的建立和西东二周的兴替Rise and Fall: The Founding of Zheng and the Eastern and Western Zhou
Rise and Fall: The Founding of Zheng and the Eastern and Western Zhou成也败也——郑国的建立和西东二周的兴替
在传统的观点中，美女褒姒的出现，导致了烽火戏诸侯的故事以及西周的灭亡。然而在现代人的视角里，红颜祸水的叙事已经失去了吸引力，也被越来越多的证据质疑。 在周朝较为重要的诸侯国中，郑国是立国最晚，也是唯一一个建立在两周之交的诸侯国。它在东周之初极为活跃，并直接参与了周郑交质，繻葛之战等一系列标志着天子权力衰落的事件之中。它为什么能在短短的时间内快速的崛起，又为什么衰落？ 这一期我们将梳理西周灭亡和东周建立前后留下的记载以及文物，试图简单的重建这一段历史，并解释郑国的建立在这个过程中扮演的特殊角色。 我们将试着讨论以下的一些问题： 西周的灭亡经历了怎样的过程？西周和东周的历史是如何连接起来的？ 郑国的是如何建立起来的？又是如何在西周灭亡之后站稳脚跟的？ 郑国为何是首先和东周天子产生冲突的诸侯国？ 为什么东周的天子几乎对国家没有实际的控制？
In the traditional view, the appearance of the beautiful Bao Si led to the story of the beacon fires lit to fool the lords and to the fall of the Western Zhou. To modern eyes, however, the narrative of the femme fatale has lost its appeal, and more and more evidence calls it into question. Among the more important vassal states of the Zhou, Zheng was the last to be founded, and the only one established at the transition from Western to Eastern Zhou. It was extremely active at the start of the Eastern Zhou and was directly involved in a series of events that marked the decline of the Son of Heaven's power, such as the exchange of hostages between Zhou and Zheng and the Battle of Xuge. Why was it able to rise so quickly, and why did it decline? In this session we will go through the records and artefacts left from around the fall of the Western Zhou and the founding of the Eastern Zhou, try to reconstruct this period of history in simple terms, and explain the special role the founding of Zheng played in the process. We will try to discuss the following questions: How did the Western Zhou fall? How are the histories of the Western and Eastern Zhou connected? How was Zheng founded, and how did it establish itself after the fall of the Western Zhou? Why was Zheng the first vassal state to come into conflict with the Eastern Zhou king? Why did the Eastern Zhou kings have almost no real control over the realm?